Category: Water Environment

  • Forever Chemicals from U.S. Military Bases: Cancer Risk in Your Water?

    Forever Chemicals from U.S. Military Bases: Cancer Risk in Your Water?

    You know how we always assume our military has our backs? Well, turns out they’ve been accidentally poisoning communities for decades. And I’m not talking about some conspiracy theory – this is documented, admitted-to contamination that’s affected over 700 military bases across the country.

    What really pisses me off is that families living near these bases – including military families themselves – have been drinking contaminated water without knowing it. We’re talking about people who serve our country, and their kids, getting exposed to cancer-causing chemicals just from turning on the tap.

    The Department of Defense finally came clean about 455 installations with confirmed contamination, but here’s the kicker: they’re still investigating hundreds more. Every state has been hit, and the contamination doesn’t magically stop at the base fence line.

    What This Means If You Live Near a Base

    Bottom line: Your tap water might contain cancer-causing chemicals that came from the military base down the road.

    This contamination problem affects way more people than you might think:

    The numbers are staggering:

    • More than 700 military installations are involved
    • Every state in the country has affected bases
    • Over 600,000 military families have been drinking contaminated water
    • Surrounding civilian communities are also at risk

    Health problems linked to this contamination:

    • Kidney cancer and testicular cancer rates are higher near contaminated bases
    • Liver problems and immune system damage
    • Thyroid disorders affecting metabolism and growth
    • Pregnancy complications and developmental issues in children

    How the contamination spreads beyond base boundaries: Underground water doesn’t respect property lines. These chemicals move through soil and groundwater systems, which means:

    • Your private well could be contaminated even if you’re miles from a base
    • Municipal water systems serving entire towns can be affected
    • Local rivers and streams become contaminated
    • Even the food grown in contaminated soil can contain these chemicals

    The Root of This Contamination Problem

    Where these toxic chemicals came from:

    The military has been using a special firefighting foam for more than 50 years. This foam, known as AFFF, contains PFAS chemicals that make it incredibly effective at smothering fuel fires. Think jet fuel, diesel, gasoline – the kind of fires that happen at military bases and airports.

    The problem is, every time they used this foam in training exercises or real emergencies, those chemicals soaked into the ground. And PFAS chemicals are basically indestructible – they don’t break down naturally like other substances.

    Timeline of the cover-up: What’s really maddening is that this wasn’t an unknown risk. Military documents and company records show:

    • The Navy and 3M Company knew about health risks by the mid-1970s
    • They continued using and promoting these products for decades
    • The military only started phasing out the worst chemicals in 2015
    • Full disclosure to affected communities didn’t happen until recently

    Examples of contamination that’ll shock you:

    • Naval Air Station Fallon in Nevada: PFAS levels nearly 15,000 times above safe limits
    • Scott Air Force Base in Illinois: contamination more than 20,000 times EPA standards
    • Fort Campbell in Kentucky: levels over 1,400 times what’s considered safe
    • Pennsylvania bases near Philadelphia: affected 85,000 residents in surrounding counties

    Which States Are Hit the Hardest

    Every state has been affected, but some are dealing with worse contamination:

    High-impact states include:

    • California: Multiple bases including several in areas already dealing with wildfire risks
    • Texas: Contamination near major population centers and industrial areas
    • Virginia: Langley Air Force Base and other installations affecting large communities
    • North Carolina: Multiple bases including areas that also dealt with other industrial PFAS contamination
    • Pennsylvania: Extensive contamination near Philadelphia affecting about 85,000 residents
    • New Hampshire: Pease Air Force Base contamination led to major community health concerns

    Hawaii got hit particularly hard: Five military sites in Hawaii showed up in recent contamination reports, including Pearl Harbor with some of the highest PFAS levels ever recorded.

    States taking action:

    • Massachusetts implemented the nation’s first PFAS cleanup standards for military sites
    • New Hampshire established a restoration advisory board to work with military and state officials
    • Georgia allocated $15 million for immediate remediation efforts
    • Several states have filed lawsuits against PFAS manufacturers

    Steps You Can Take to Protect Yourself

    Start with finding out if you’re at risk:

    • Look up your address in relation to nearby military installations (contamination can spread 5-10 miles or more)
    • Call your water company and demand recent PFAS test results – don’t accept vague answers
    • If they haven’t tested recently, ask when they plan to and push for urgent testing
    • Request test results going back several years, not just current data

    For private well owners:

    • Get your well tested by a certified lab that specifically tests for PFAS
    • Standard water tests don’t include PFAS, so you need to specifically request it
    • Testing can cost $300-600, but it’s worth knowing what you’re dealing with
    • Keep all test results – you may need them later for health or legal purposes

    Water protection options:

    • Install a reverse osmosis system certified for PFAS removal (most effective option)
    • Activated carbon filters can help but aren’t as reliable for all PFAS types
    • Avoid basic pitcher filters – they won’t remove PFAS chemicals
    • Remember that boiling contaminated water actually makes the problem worse by concentrating the chemicals

    Stay engaged with your community:

    • Attend town halls or water board meetings where contamination is discussed
    • Connect with neighbors who might also be affected
    • Consider joining or forming a local advocacy group
    • Document any health issues in your family that might be related

    💡 Action Items for This Week:

    • Map check: Use online tools to see if you live near a contaminated military site
    • Water company call: Get your most recent PFAS test results in writing
    • Health inventory: Make a list of any unexplained health issues in your household
    • Filter research: Start looking into certified PFAS removal systems for your home

    What’s Being Done About It

    Federal response: The EPA has established new drinking water standards for PFAS, with limits as low as 4 parts per trillion for some chemicals. Water systems have until 2031 to meet these standards.

    The Department of Defense has:

    • Allocated over $2 billion for PFAS cleanup efforts
    • Started phasing out PFOA and PFOS in firefighting foams (though they still use other PFAS)
    • Begun testing private wells near military installations
    • Provided alternative water sources for some affected communities

    Legal action: Thousands of lawsuits have been filed against companies like 3M, DuPont, and Chemours – the manufacturers of PFAS chemicals. Many of these cases are moving toward potential settlements.

    State-level efforts: Many states have gone beyond federal requirements, setting stricter limits and requiring more extensive testing and cleanup.

    The Uncomfortable Truth About This Mess

    Here’s what really gets me about this whole situation: we’ve got military families – the people who serve our country – who’ve been drinking contaminated water for years without knowing it. And it wasn’t an accident.

    The paperwork shows that the companies making these chemicals and the military using them had a pretty good idea this stuff was dangerous way back in the 1970s. But nobody hit the brakes. Instead, they kept using it for another 40+ years.

    Now you’ve got kids who grew up on military bases developing cancer in their 20s and 30s. You’ve got veterans dealing with health problems they never saw coming. And you’ve got entire communities near these bases wondering if their water is safe to drink.

    What really bothers me is how long it took for this to become public knowledge. It’s 2025, and we’re just now getting serious about testing and cleanup. Meanwhile, people have been getting sick for decades.

    The companies involved are finally starting to pay up – we’re seeing some massive settlements – but that doesn’t undo the damage. And honestly? The cleanup is going to take years, maybe decades.

    If you’re living near one of these bases, you’re probably thinking “great, now what?” I get it. It’s overwhelming. But here’s the thing – you’re not powerless. You can get your water tested. You can install filters. You can make noise with your local officials.

    The military is finally being forced to take responsibility, but they’re moving at military pace (which, let’s be honest, isn’t exactly lightning fast). Don’t wait for them to solve this. Start protecting your family now.

    And if you’re dealing with health issues that might be connected to this contamination? Document everything. Get your blood tested for PFAS levels. Keep records. This fight isn’t over, and you deserve answers.


    Sources: Environmental Working Group military PFAS site database, Department of Defense PFAS Task Force reports, EPA PFAS contamination data

    Last Updated: June 30, 2025

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    Please read – our information

    The information presented on cleanairandwater.net is compiled from official water quality reports, trusted news sources, government websites, and public health resources. While we strive for accuracy and thoroughness in our presentations, we are not scientists, engineers, or qualified water quality professionals.


    Our mission is to present water quality information in an accessible, real-world format that helps people understand what’s in their water and make informed decisions about their health and safety. We believe that complex environmental information should be available to everyone in a format that’s easy to understand.


    We make every effort to ensure our content is current and accurate, but we cannot guarantee that all information is complete or error-free. This website should not replace official communications from your local water utility or health department. We always recommend consulting official sources for the most up-to-date information regarding your specific water system.


    Clean Air and Water is not liable for any unintentional errors, omissions, or outdated information. The content on this site is provided for informational purposes only and should not be considered professional advice.

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  • EPA Data Shows 9,323 Sites Nationwide Have Detectable PFAS Levels – What This Means for Your Family’s Water Safety

    EPA Data Shows 9,323 Sites Nationwide Have Detectable PFAS Levels – What This Means for Your Family’s Water Safety

    If you’ve been wondering whether your tap water is safe to drink, here’s what you need to know about the EPA’s latest findings. The agency just released new data showing that 9,323 sites across the country have detectable levels of toxic “forever chemicals” called PFAS. This affects approximately 165 million Americans who may be drinking contaminated water every day.

    What This Means for You

    Bottom Line: Your drinking water could contain harmful chemicals that never break down in your body or the environment.

    The EPA’s June 2025 data update shows that nearly 3,000 additional sites tested positive for PFAS contamination. This brings the total number of confirmed contaminated locations to 9,323 across all 50 states.

    Here’s what affects you directly:

    • Your family’s exposure: If you live near any of these sites, your drinking water may contain chemicals linked to cancer, liver problems, and immune system damage
    • Timeline: The testing is ongoing through 2025, so more contaminated sites will likely be discovered
    • Your protection: Current federal standards only regulate 6 out of thousands of PFAS chemicals

    This data comes from the EPA’s required testing of water systems under something called UCMR-5. About 75% of the expected test results are now complete.

    Key Details You Should Know

    What the numbers really mean:

    • 9,323 sites have detectable PFAS levels
    • 165 million people potentially affected
    • Testing covers 29 different PFAS chemicals
    • Results show contamination in every state

    What makes this serious:

    • PFAS chemicals never break down naturally
    • They build up in your body over time
    • Scientists call them “forever chemicals” for this reason
    • Even tiny amounts can cause health problems

    The testing process: Water systems serving more than 3,300 people must test their water. The EPA also selected 800 smaller systems for testing. Results get reported quarterly, so we’re still learning the full scope of contamination.

    Background: Why This Is Happening Now

    PFAS chemicals have been used in everyday products since the 1940s. You’ll find them in:

    • Nonstick cookware
    • Waterproof clothing
    • Food packaging
    • Firefighting foam used at airports and military bases

    For decades, companies discharged these chemicals into the environment with little oversight. The EPA has known about health risks for years but only recently started requiring comprehensive testing.

    The current testing program requires water utilities to check for 29 specific PFAS chemicals. Previous testing only looked for a handful of these substances.

    What You Can Do Right Now

    Check your water:

    • Contact your water utility and ask for recent PFAS test results
    • Look up your area on the EPA’s contamination map
    • Request a copy of your water quality report

    Protect your family:

    • Consider installing a water filter certified to remove PFAS
    • Reverse osmosis and activated carbon filters work best
    • Look for NSF certification when choosing filters

    Stay informed:

    • The EPA releases new test results every three months
    • More contaminated sites will likely be discovered through 2025
    • Keep track of updates from your local water utility

    💡 Take Action Now:

    • Call your water company: Ask for PFAS test results
    • Test your water: Consider home testing if you have a private well
    • Consider filtration: Research certified PFAS removal systems

    What Happens Next

    Federal action: The EPA finalized drinking water standards for six PFAS chemicals in 2024. However, the current administration has signaled it may roll back standards for four of these chemicals, keeping regulations only for the two most studied ones (PFOA and PFOS).

    Timeline for compliance:

    • Water systems must complete initial monitoring by 2027
    • Compliance deadline was extended from 2029 to 2031
    • Systems exceeding limits must install treatment or find new water sources

    Ongoing testing: The EPA will continue releasing quarterly updates through 2026. Experts expect the total number of contaminated sites to keep growing as more testing is completed.

    State-level action: Many states are developing their own PFAS regulations that may be stricter than federal standards. Check what your state is doing about PFAS contamination.

    The EPA has allocated $9 billion from federal infrastructure funding specifically to help communities address PFAS contamination. This includes money for treatment systems and technical assistance.

    Bottom Line

    The scale of PFAS contamination in American drinking water is larger than previously known. With 9,323 confirmed contaminated sites affecting 165 million people, this represents one of the most widespread water quality challenges our country faces.

    While the numbers are concerning, you’re not powerless. Understanding your water quality, exploring filtration options, and staying informed about local developments can help protect your family’s health.

    The key is taking action rather than waiting for perfect solutions. As testing continues through 2025, we’ll learn more about the full scope of contamination, but you can start protecting yourself today.

    Check our Water reports HERE to find out your water quality


    Sources: Environmental Protection Agency UCMR-5 data (June 2025), Environmental Working Group PFAS contamination map

    Last Updated: June 26, 2025

    Please read – our information

    The information presented on cleanairandwater.net is compiled from official water quality reports, trusted news sources, government websites, and public health resources. While we strive for accuracy and thoroughness in our presentations, we are not scientists, engineers, or qualified water quality professionals.


    Our mission is to present water quality information in an accessible, real-world format that helps people understand what’s in their water and make informed decisions about their health and safety. We believe that complex environmental information should be available to everyone in a format that’s easy to understand.


    We make every effort to ensure our content is current and accurate, but we cannot guarantee that all information is complete or error-free. This website should not replace official communications from your local water utility or health department. We always recommend consulting official sources for the most up-to-date information regarding your specific water system.


    Clean Air and Water is not liable for any unintentional errors, omissions, or outdated information. The content on this site is provided for informational purposes only and should not be considered professional advice.

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  • Coastal Flooding Happening Far More Often Than Scientists Previously Thought

    Coastal Flooding Happening Far More Often Than Scientists Previously Thought

    Picture this: you’re living in a coastal town, and every few weeks your street floods. Sometimes it’s during a regular rainstorm, other times on perfectly sunny days when the tide rolls in. You call city hall, but officials tell you flooding only happens a few times per year according to their data. Sound frustrating? It turns out you’d be right to question those numbers.

    A groundbreaking study by researchers from North Carolina State University and UNC-Chapel Hill just shattered our understanding of how often coastal flooding actually occurs. The results are eye-opening: communities are getting flooded 10 times more frequently than government agencies realize.

    The Shocking Discovery

    Dr. Katherine Anarde and Dr. Miyuki Hino didn’t trust the official numbers. These researchers suspected that the tools scientists use to predict flooding—mainly tide gauges that measure ocean water levels—were missing something important. So they decided to find out for themselves.

    Their team placed custom sensors directly in storm drains and along roads in three North Carolina coastal towns: Beaufort, Carolina Beach, and Sea Level. What they discovered during one year of monitoring (May 2023 to April 2024) completely upended conventional wisdom about coastal flooding.

    The jaw-dropping results:

    • Beaufort experienced flooding on 26 days
    • Carolina Beach saw 65 days of flooding
    • Sea Level endured a staggering 128 days of flooding

    Meanwhile, NOAA’s official high-tide flooding predictions suggested these same communities would only flood about 9 days per year. In Carolina Beach’s case, the prediction was just 1 day. The scientists weren’t just a little off—they were dramatically underestimating the problem.

    Why Scientists Got It So Wrong

    The issue isn’t that tide gauges are broken. These instruments work perfectly fine for measuring ocean water levels. The problem is that flooding on land involves much more than just high tides.

    Dr. Anarde explains it simply: “They’re designed to measure the tides or water levels of oceans and bays, and that means it’s imperfect or not intended to actually capture flooding on land.”

    What tide gauges miss:

    • Rainwater that can’t drain properly because of high tides
    • Groundwater that gets pushed up when sea levels rise
    • Old drainage systems that can’t handle today’s conditions
    • The way different neighborhoods flood differently

    Think of it this way: if you wanted to know how often your basement floods, would you measure the water level in the river across town? That’s essentially what scientists have been doing with coastal flooding.

    The Real Story Behind the Numbers

    When the researchers dug deeper into their data, they uncovered some surprising patterns:

    Sunny day flooding is real: Many flood events happened during clear weather when tides were high. Residents would step outside on a beautiful morning to find their streets underwater.

    Duration matters: It’s not just how often flooding occurs, but how long it lasts. Some areas stayed flooded for hours longer than tide predictions suggested.

    Local factors dominate: Each community flooded differently based on their unique combination of infrastructure, elevation, and drainage systems.

    It’s getting worse: Sea levels along the Southeast coast have risen more than 6 inches since 2010 alone—equivalent to what happened over the previous 50 years.

    Dr. Hino puts it bluntly: “Our data highlight that the problem of sea level rise is not for future generations, it’s a now problem.”

    What This Means for Coastal Communities

    This research reveals that millions of Americans living in coastal areas face flooding far more often than anyone realized. The implications are massive:

    Infrastructure planning: Towns have been designing drainage systems and roads based on wildly inaccurate flood predictions. No wonder so many coastal roads seem to flood “unexpectedly.”

    Property values: If flooding happens 10 times more often than people think, how does that affect real estate in coastal areas?

    Emergency response: First responders and local officials need better data to prepare for and respond to flooding events.

    Climate adaptation: Communities trying to prepare for sea-level rise need accurate information about current conditions, not outdated estimates.

    The researchers emphasize that their North Carolina findings likely reflect what’s happening along coastlines throughout the Southeast and Gulf Coast. “The problems we are seeing here are extremely likely to be problems we are seeing elsewhere,” Dr. Hino notes.

    The Technology That Revealed the Truth

    The breakthrough came from thinking outside the box. Instead of relying on ocean measurements, the research team created a network of land-based sensors specifically designed to detect when roads actually flood.

    Their innovative approach:

    • Waterproof sensors placed inside storm drains
    • Cameras positioned above ground to visually confirm flooding
    • Custom software that transmitted real-time data wirelessly
    • A year-long monitoring period to capture seasonal patterns

    This wasn’t just a quick study—it was a comprehensive monitoring system that tracked every single flood event, no matter how brief or minor.

    The sensors defined flooding as any time water spilled onto nearby roads, which matches what residents actually experience. Previous methods often missed these “nuisance” floods that significantly impact daily life.

    Why Traditional Methods Failed

    Government agencies rely on two main approaches to predict coastal flooding: NOAA’s High Tide Flooding threshold and the National Weather Service’s minor flood threshold. Both use tide gauge data to estimate when flooding might occur on land.

    But here’s the problem: coastal flooding isn’t just about high tides anymore.

    The missing pieces:

    • Rainfall runoff: When storms coincide with high tides, drainage systems can’t handle the combined water load
    • Groundwater intrusion: Rising seas push groundwater up through the soil
    • Aging infrastructure: Many coastal drainage systems were designed decades ago for lower sea levels
    • Local topography: Each neighborhood has unique elevation and drainage characteristics

    Dr. Anarde describes these traditional methods as “poor indicators of flooding” because they don’t account for the complex interactions happening on land.

    The Human Impact

    Behind all these numbers are real people dealing with flooded streets, waterlogged cars, and the constant stress of unpredictable flooding.

    Sea Level, North Carolina—the community with 128 flood days—is a rural area where residents often can’t afford to constantly replace flood-damaged belongings. Carolina Beach deals with flooded tourist areas that hurt local businesses. Beaufort struggles with flooding that disrupts daily commutes and emergency services.

    “People know where it floods and a lot of people can put numbers to how frequently it floods, but as scientists, we just had no idea what ‘all the time’ meant,” Dr. Hino admits.

    This disconnect between lived experience and scientific understanding has left communities feeling unheard and unprepared.

    Looking Ahead: What Needs to Change

    The researchers aren’t just pointing out problems—they’re working with communities to develop solutions. But first, we need better data.

    Immediate needs:

    • More land-based flood monitoring systems
    • Updated flood prediction models that account for multiple factors
    • Infrastructure assessments based on actual flood frequency
    • Community-specific adaptation strategies

    Long-term implications:

    • Rethinking coastal development patterns
    • Upgrading drainage systems for current reality
    • Adjusting flood insurance rates based on accurate risk
    • Preparing for even more frequent flooding as seas continue to rise

    The researchers stress that every community faces unique challenges. “There’s no one-size-fits-all solution,” Dr. Hino explains. “But with more accurate data, we can help communities assess what response strategy is best for them, now and in the future.”

    The Bigger Picture

    This study represents more than just better flood measurement—it’s a wake-up call about how quickly our coastal environment is changing.

    The Southeast has experienced some of the fastest sea-level rise on Earth since 2010. Communities that thought they had decades to prepare are discovering they’re already living with the consequences of climate change.

    The acceleration is real: High-tide flooding in the Southeast now happens about five times more often than it did in 1990. Projections suggest it could be 15 times more frequent by 2050.

    But the researchers found something even more concerning than increased frequency: some areas are approaching “permanent inundation,” where water levels rarely recede completely.

    What Residents Can Do

    If you live in a coastal area, this research suggests you should trust your own observations about flooding frequency rather than relying solely on official predictions.

    Practical steps:

    • Document flood events in your neighborhood with photos and dates
    • Share information with neighbors to build community awareness
    • Contact local officials about infrastructure needs
    • Consider flood-proofing measures for your property
    • Stay informed about local adaptation planning efforts

    The researchers continue working with communities to develop better monitoring systems and adaptation strategies. Their “Sunny Day Flooding Project” aims to help more coastal areas understand their true flood risks.

    Bottom Line: A New Reality Requires New Approaches

    This groundbreaking research proves that coastal flooding is already a much bigger problem than scientists realized. Communities face inundation far more frequently than government data suggests, and traditional prediction methods are inadequate for today’s reality.

    The key takeaways:

    • Actual flooding happens 10 times more often than tide gauges predict
    • Many flood events occur during normal weather, not just storms
    • Current infrastructure wasn’t designed for today’s sea levels
    • Communities need better data to make informed decisions

    What this means for you:

    • If you live near the coast, flooding is likely more frequent than official estimates suggest
    • Planning for sea-level rise needs to start now, not in future decades
    • Local knowledge often trumps distant scientific predictions
    • Better monitoring and adaptation strategies are urgently needed

    As Dr. Anarde puts it: “I view it as a harbinger of what’s to come.” The question isn’t whether coastal flooding will get worse—it’s whether communities will get the accurate information they need to adapt effectively.

    This research shows that understanding the present is just as important as predicting the future. Only by accurately measuring today’s flood reality can coastal communities prepare for tomorrow’s challenges.


    Learn More

    • Follow the research – The Sunny Day Flooding Project continues monitoring coastal communities
    • Document local flooding – Help build community awareness by tracking events in your area
    • Contact officials – Share local knowledge with planners and emergency managers
    • Prepare your property – Consider flood-proofing measures based on actual local conditions

    Sources: Nature Communications Earth & Environment, North Carolina State University, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Washington Post | Last Updated: June 24, 2025

    Check our Water reports HERE to find out your water quality

    Please read – our information

    The information presented on cleanairandwater.net is compiled from official water quality reports, trusted news sources, government websites, and public health resources. While we strive for accuracy and thoroughness in our presentations, we are not scientists, engineers, or qualified water quality professionals.


    Our mission is to present water quality information in an accessible, real-world format that helps people understand what’s in their water and make informed decisions about their health and safety. We believe that complex environmental information should be available to everyone in a format that’s easy to understand.


    We make every effort to ensure our content is current and accurate, but we cannot guarantee that all information is complete or error-free. This website should not replace official communications from your local water utility or health department. We always recommend consulting official sources for the most up-to-date information regarding your specific water system.


    Clean Air and Water is not liable for any unintentional errors, omissions, or outdated information. The content on this site is provided for informational purposes only and should not be considered professional advice.

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